22F6 Morphololgy aold Physiology of Areas of Langerhans
followed by glycosuria and other symptoms of diabetes. Since
then the operation has been repeated on dogs, cats, rabbits, birds,
frogs, turtles, and eels, by numerous investigators, among whom
may be mentioned de Dominicis, Minkowski, Harley, Kausch,
Weintraud, Aldehoff, and Marcusi. While the results obtained
by different investigators have varied somewhat, owing no doubt
to the different methods used in the operation and also in the
subsequent urinalysis, glycosuria following pancreas extirpation
has been found in all the species examined, with the exception
of ducks and geese, in which Kausch was able to demonstrate
a hyperglycemia but no glycosuria. De Dominicis found gly-
cosuria in only about two thirds of the seventy animals (dogs,
cats, rabbits, pigs, etc.) upon which he operated, but in all there
were some changes such as polyuria, polyphagia, polydipsia,
azoturia, phosphaturia, etc. Glycosuria was affected somewhat
by diet, drugs, etc. Lûthje and others assert that the removal
of the pancreas does not entirely destroy the function of gly-
colysis, since they found that the sugar disappeared from the
urine while it was still present in the blood. Lépine and Thiro-
loix state that diabetes does not follow extirpation of the pan-
creas, if the animal is starved for some days before the operation.
Pfliger, in order to test the constancy and permanency of gly-
cosuria, removed the pancreas in a considerable number of
animals, being careful that the extirpation should be total. He
found that in every case glycosuria resulted and led to the death
of the animal. He noted also that the liver always increased
in size with an increase in fat, but that glycogen was absent.
After partial extirpation of the pancreas, the results are more
variable and depend, as Minkowski thought, not so much on the
size of the portion of the pancreas that is left as on its condition.
The same seems to be true in most cases whether the remnant
is left in situ or is transplanted under the skin, provided the
blood supply is not interfered with.
In I89I, Vassale first noted the preservation of the islands
and the glandular atrophy resulting from ligation and section
of the pancreatic duct in rabbits. In I898, Katz and Winkler
found the islands of Langerhans preserved for some time after