Lydlia M. Dewitt 225
atic extract were mixed with either the muscle or the liver cxtract.
Simaiek claims to have isolated from the pancreas by precipi-
tation with alcohol and ether a substance which, under anaërobic
and aseptic conditions, causes an energetic alcoholic fermentation.
Feinschmidt also obtains a glycolytic substance from liver,
muscle, and pancreas, while Stoklasa has found a similar sub-
stance in plants and in numerous organs and fluids of the animal
body, and Croftan claims to have found a glycolytic sub-
stance which he calls trypsin in the human blood. Stoklasa,
SimaCek, and Feinschmidt find as the products of the glycolysis
alcohol, carbon-dioxide, and acids. Cohnheim, however, claim-
ing that this alcoholic fermentation is the result of bacterial
influence, has published a series of articles in which he shows
that there is present in muscle a glycolytic ferment, which, how-
ever, is inactive until acted upon by a substance in the pancreas
wshich he calls an "activator." This substance is not destroyed
by boiling and is soluble in water and alcohol but insoluble in
ether. Increasing the amount of the pancreatic extract or of
the ether precipitate of the same increases the influence up to
a certain point, beyond which any further increase diminishes
the glycolytic action. He regards this action as analogous
to that of Ehrlich's amboceptor and complement. The pres-
ence of blood in the muscle causes glycolysis without addition
of pancreatic extract and sometimes the glycolysis is diminished
when pancreas is added. This fact would indicate the presence
in the blood of variable amounts of the activator principle of the
pancreas. He concludes that this substance is not a ferment
since it is not destroyed by boiling, but is analogous to the other
products of internal secretion, adrenalin, iodothyrin, and secretin.
Fichera examined liver, muscle, cartilage, and epithelium of
depancreatized dogs and found that the glycogen diminished and
finally disappeared in about thirty days after the operation andl
concludes that the main phenomena of diabetes are a dimi-
nution of normal amylogenesis and a weakening and often dlis-
appearance of the glycolytic functions of the organs.
As has already been mentioned, in I889 Minkowski succeeded
in totally extirpating the pancreas of dogs, the operation being