222 Morphology and Pl,ysiology ~f'Areas of Lungerhans
constantly greater under meat diet than under carbohydrate diet or in hunger.
But since, as may be seen from the measurements given of the normal areas,
there are marked individual differences even under the same circumstances,
I believe that this variation is due to individual peculiarities, although Ssobolew
states that the size and number of the areas are quite constant for each species.
In the following table, I, in each case, represents the splenic third of the pancreas,
2, the middle third, and 3, the end nearest the duodenum.
Av. no. Av. size i Proportion Size of larg- Sizeofsmall-
Experiment. per mm. sq. mm. of gland to est area in est area in
ormal fdgeisland. sq. mm. sq. mm.
Normal (full diges-
tion)
I. 35 .02 i' I:.007 .31 x .38 .04 x .06
2. 42 .OI4 I: .o006 .20ox . .02 4 x .o6
3 .68 .02I I: .0oi4 .2i x .43 .05 x .o6
Hunger-36 hours
I. T .54 .OI2 I: .OI8 I3 x .37 .o04 x .o05
2. I .22 .00oo64 I: .oo8 .19 X .20 .03 x .04
3. .71 .o04 i .0I . 24 x .36 .03 x o5
Hunger-46 hours
I. .346 .023 :.oo . 40 x .54 .02 x .04
2. .4 01 .oI I: .°5 OI 5 X .20 .03 x II
3. .I8 .036 I: .o006 .25 x .48 .05 x .o06
Hunger-52 hours
I. . 46 .oI8 I: . oo008 .I9 x .52 .02 x .04
2. .52 .o5 I: .o008 .9g x .23 .05 x .06
3- .· 51 .009 : .005 . 3 x .I8 .03 x .04
Carbohydrate diet
30 days
I. .39 .oI8 I: .o006 J8 x .33 .o x .08
74 .oI3 I: .oo .38 x .40 .04 x .05
3· 43 .oI9 I: .o008 .20 x .35 .o6 x . 07
Carbohydrate diet
60 days
I. s9 .oI6 I: .o006 .T 9 x .21 .06 x .o08
2. .5 .oI9 I: .0099 .22 x .34 .05 x .06
3. .52 .o9g I: .oo98 .8x .500 o6 x .07
Meat diet, 30 day
I. *75 .OI5 I .oII .I3 X 50 . 03 x .05
2. .69 .oI5 I: .oIo2 26 x .40 05 X .o06
3 I.OI .OI 2 I: .oI2 .17 x .I9 04 x .05
Meat diet, 60 days
I. ·57 .032 I: .oI8 .30 x .68 .05 x .07
2. .54 .025 I: .or3 .27 X .42 .05 x . o7
3 . *4 . o3I I: . o 2 .22 X .68 .06 x .o8
The so-called transition forms are merely resting pancreatic
tubules. The size and number of the islands have individual
variations under normal conditions fully as great as occur under
varied conditions of digestion, hunger, and diet, and no changes
occur under these conditions as has been shown by Opie, Schulze,
Diamare, Jarotzky, and by myself. That the protoplasm of the
insular cells, as Mankowski himself states, is chemically different