258 Aqueous Extracts of Pancreas. I
agreement with the theoretical quotient. On the 2nd day another cat wae
depancreatized and the entire pancreas was immediately rubbed up with
· broken glass in 0.2 N iC1. After thorough maceration and extraction which
continued for at least an hour the extract was neutralized with 0.1 N NaO1
and was quickly boiled and filtered. The total yield of the clear extract was
not recorded, nor the exact amount given the animal, but notation was
made that the dose represented one-fourth the entire product. Adminis.
tration in this case was by means of a cannula inserted under local anes-
thesia into the femnoral vein, and was completed at 6.30 p.m. The cat was
immediately placed in the respiration chamuber. At 7.05 p.m. the first
analysis of chamber air was made and the resulting R. Q. was found to be
0.825; the next, at 7.30 p.m., was 0.77; and the third, at 8.30 p.m., 2 hours
after administration, was 0.76.
The second experiment (on Cat 2) is shown in Table II. Pancreatectomy
was performed on Feb. 20 and on Feb. 22 the R. Q. showed a condition of
nearly total diabetes. To prove this beyond a doubt by the R. Q. a good
dose of dextrose was given at 3.35 p.m. on Feb. 23 and the two quotients
obtained at 4.30 and 4.55 p.m. were even lower than those obtained before
the dextrose was fed. The animal was therefore ready for trial of the ex-
tract. The entire gland from another cat was rubbed up with normal
saline solution, later acidified to about 0.1 N with HCI and after a couple of
hours' extraction was neutralized and, w>ithout boiling, a portion of the
extract was filtered off. Because there was considerable turbidity left the
remainder was clarified with Lloyd's reagent before filtering. This seemed
to remove a considerable part of the potency also. The entire yield of
clear extract was only 30 cc. One-third of this, 10 cc., not clarified with
Lloyd's reagent, was given subcutaneously at 4 p.m. on Feb. 24, after
15 gm. of dextrose had been placed in the cat's stomach. In four successive
analyses after the cat had been placed in the chamber at 4.20 p.m. the quo-
tient was above the true diabetic level obtained the day before and rose
finally to 0.896, 2 hours after the extract was given. At 6.20 p.m. the cat
received the remaining 20 cc. of the extract (filtered through Lloyd's
reagent). There was only one high quotient after this-0.794 obtained
at 7.25 p.m.-the next two showing a return to complete diabetes. The
single high quotient was doubtless a hold-over effect of the first injection,
and the second injection was ineffectual. Later it will be seen that filtra-
tion through charcoal likewise removes the hormone. The very sudden
drop to the diabetic level has been witnessed a number of times and will be
commented on later.
On Feb. 25 a second extract was prepared in the same manner as the first,
but without using Lloyd's reagent, and yielded 40 cc. In a preliminary
respiration period subsequent to the ingestion of 30 gmi. of dextrose at 4.50
p;m. several successive analyses were in satisfactory agreement as show-
ing the cat's inability to oxidize sugar to any appreciable degree. At 8 p.m.
30cc., or three-fourths of the entire yield fromn the single pancreas extracted,
were given subcutaneously and the cat was immediately placed in the
chamber. The first sample of air terminating at 9.58 p.m. showed the