622 RECENT WORK ON INSULIN'
THE DISTRIBUTION OF INSULIN
In the search for the antidiabetic principle the pancreas has
not been the only tissue investigated. The work of those who
sought for this substance in blood will be familiar to you.
Hédonl (21), Hess, Forsbach, Alexander and Ehrmann, Dren-
ianl, Kramer and Murlin and others have studied the effects of
transfusing diabetic animals with normal blood. Clark (22) has
reported very significant results obtained by passing pancreatic
perfusate through the isolated mammalian heart. Woodyatt and
Raulston (23) were unable to observe any beneficial effect of the
transfusion of normal blood to a severely diabetic patient. The
recent work of Murlin (24) and his collaborators has been pre-
viously referred to in this communication. It should be noted
that unsuccessful perfusion experiments have been recently re-
ported by McCarthy and Olmistead (25) and that several groups
of investigators have previously reported negative results with
this method. There is no doubt, however, that this method has
yielde(l very successful recults in the hands of Clough, Allen
and Murlin.
The method originally used for the preparation of insulin
from the degenerated pancreas of the dog was not sufficiently
delicate to demonstrate active material, in a convincing manner,
in other tissues. The isolation of insulin from blood was re-
ported from Toronto in May, 1923 (26). This, I believe, was
the first report of thie presence of insulin in tissues other than
thie pancreas. In Table I tihe report of an experiment in which
all extract of hloocd w-as administered to a diabetic dog is sum-
unarized.
EFFECT OF BiLO()D EXTR.ACT ON TISE DIABETIC DOG
Dog. No. L18. Browrn collie. WVeight 14 kilos. Pancreatec-
tomny performned September 17, 9 p. m. Dog was then starved.
The marked and characteristic response of this animal to
the extract is convincing proof, in my opinion, of the presence
of insulin in blood. You will îlote that a marked improvement
in the general condition of the animal was observed, and that the
liver, at autopsy, contained 5.85 per cent of glycogen. The
typical insulin effeet npon the blood and urinary sugar was